The Viasonix Dolphin is ideal for PFO examinations, with a dedicated PFO protocol. If embolic events are found in the recorded cerebral blood flow, typically the middle cerebral artery (MCA), then this is an indication of the existence of PFO in the patient. TCD can easily identify the existence of PFO by injecting micro-bubbles (air mixed saline) to the patient vein (typically the antecubital vein), while the Doppler signal is recorded during the Valsalva maneuver. If the hole fails to close naturally after birth it is called PFO. While this hole exists in everyone before birth, it most often closes shortly after birth. PFO is a hole between the left and right atriums of the heart.
Transcranial Doppler is very useful in the identification of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Thus, even after the measurement is freezed the examiner can scroll back and view signals from any depth and replay the spectrum from any depth, even if it is different than the original set depth. This significantly reduces the risk of missing a valid blood flow signal and reaching an erroneous clinical diagnosis. The Viasonix Dolphin special m-mode option allows the examiner to view flows at all depths along the ultrasound beam. In order to accept the absence of a Doppler signal in any vessel, a prior valid measurement must be identified in the same vessel to ensure that the access temporal window is fine. Note that there are countries in which the use of TCD for diagnosis of brain death is not accepted.įor determination of brain death, the characteristic waveforms should be displayed in all intracranial vessels. TCD can detect the different stages of brain death through analysis of the particular waveforms: a sharp systolic peak followed by near zero diastolic velocities systolic spikes followed by retrograde diastolic velocities short spikes and ultimately, no signals at all. Example: Auto-opening announcement popup.
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